Ethics

__**CLASS LIST OF ETHICAL FIGURES IN....**__

__**HISTORY:**__ - Ghandi - Lincoln - Prophets - Mandela - Malcolm X - Einstein - Martin Luther King Jr - Peter the Great - Mother Theresa - Che - George Washington - Bill Gates - Bob Marley - Salah Al-deen - Boutrous Boutrous Ghali - Stauffernberg - Desmond Tutu

__**LITERATURE:**__ - Yamomoto (Hagakure) - Spiderman - The 3 musketeers - Maximus Decimus Lucius - The Incredibles - Ashitaka (princess mononoke) - 3 monkeys (see no evil…) - Horatio Caine - Monk - Hiro Nakamura - Mufasa

**1. Pick 5 characters at random from your lists above. Next to each list a single moral trait that comes to mind when you think of them**

- __Einstein:__ Gave up his research after finding out the purpose (nuclear weapons) - __MLK Jr:__ Led his people into freedom, fought against prejudice - __3 monkeys:__ Not involving oneself in evil in any way - __Spiderman:__ Fought villains and attempted to bring peace to his city (which failed miserably)

**2. Group three different moral characters that you could argue belong together for some reason. Explain briefly your thinking.**

Martin Luther King Jr and Nelson Mandela and Ghandi could be grouped together because they all fought against prejudice in a non-violent manor. Hiro Nakamura, Spiderman and Ashitake all fought for what they believed in; Spiderman fought crime in New York, Nakamura fought against evil villains in attempt to save the world and Ashitake fought against the demons to save the forest. =]]

**Moral Reasoning Process:**

- Knowledge on the topic (background information, facts etc.) - Weighing the options (knowing what the possibilities are) - Instinct (sometimes reasoning is not necessary) - Judgement (deciding if it's moral or not)

STEP 1: Question or Problem Introduced STEP 2: Fact Finding STEP 3: Look through TOK lenses STEP 4: Judgement
 * Financial - cost of keeping 'death row' inmates alive
 * Compare to a standard/precedent - law, former decisions
 * Logic - eye for an eye, discourage killing by killing?
 * Moral belief(religion, human rights doc, philosophy) - Hindu sanctity of life vs Islam eye for an eye
 * Practical/Problem solving - it doesn't work e.g. cap punishment not a deterrent. Its working, we just cant measure it
 * System of decision making too filled with unknowns

**Moral Relativism** - There is no universal standard for morals(There is no evidence for such a standard) - The fact there is a diverse morality proves that there is no morality

- __Definitional:__ Humans are naturally selfish, all acts are made with some sort of self-interest; everything we do, we want to do - __Evolutionary__: Humans are natural capitalists, survival of the fittest - __Hidden Benefits__: Eye for an eye, I scratch your back and you'll scratch mine - __Fear of Punishment__: Doing something out fear of the consequence
 * Self-Interest Theory**